大家普遍認為(特別是在Cisco/CCNA課程中),IP協定對應至ISO開放系統連接架構的參考網路模型的網路層的PDU(protocol data unit)稱為“封包(packet)”,而傳輸層的UDP則稱為“資料單元(datagram)”,以及TCP稱為“分段(segment)”,如下圖所示顯示:
但是,人們並非不常遇到IP Datagram這樣的用語。平常不是都稱為IP封包(packet)嗎? IP Datagram是正確的用語嗎?是的,它一點都沒錯。這是定義IP協定的FRC 791中的標準用語:
The internet protocol provides for transmitting blocks of data called datagrams from sources to destinations, where sources and destinations are hosts identified by fixed length addresses.
來源:RFC 791
原始的IP資料單元(data unit)稱為“datagram”,它可以被拆分(IP fragmentation)為封包,以符合底層網絡技術的最大傳輸單元(MTU)之要求。
IPv4 allows fragmentation which divides the datagram into pieces, each small enough to accommodate a specified MTU limitation. This fragmentation process takes place at the internet layer. The fragmented packets are marked so that the IP layer of the destination host knows it should reassemble the packets into the original datagram.
資料來源:維基百科
原始出處: IP Datagram or Packet?